一、 認識卵巢癌

卵巢癌是女性生殖系統中最致命的癌症之一，因其早期症狀不明顯，常被稱為「沉默殺手」。根據香港癌症資料統計中心的數據，卵巢癌在香港女性癌症發病率中排名第六，每年約有400例新確診病例。卵巢癌主要分為上皮性卵巢癌、生殖細胞腫瘤和性索間質腫瘤三大類，其中上皮性卵巢癌最為常見，佔所有卵巢癌病例的90%以上。

1. 卵巢癌的種類與分期

卵巢癌的分期是根據腫瘤的擴散程度來劃分，通常分為四期：

• 第一期：腫瘤局限於卵巢。
• 第二期：腫瘤擴散至盆腔其他器官。
• 第三期：腫瘤擴散至腹腔或淋巴結。
• 第四期：腫瘤轉移至遠處器官，如肝臟或肺部。

早期發現的卵巢癌治癒率較高，但由於缺乏特異性症狀，多數患者在確診時已進入晚期。

2. 卵巢癌的成因與風險因素

卵巢癌的成因複雜，但以下風險因素值得關注：

• 年齡：50歲以上的女性風險較高。
• 家族史：若有直系親屬罹患卵巢癌或乳腺癌，風險增加。
• 基因突變：BRCA1和BRCA2基因突變與卵巢癌密切相關。
• 生育史：未生育或晚生育的女性風險較高。

定期進行和身體檢查，尤其是高風險族群，有助於早期發現問題。

二、 卵巢癌的早期症狀：為何難以察覺？

卵巢癌的早期症狀常被誤認為是腸胃問題或壓力所致，導致延誤就醫。以下是常見的非特異性症狀：

1. 腹脹、腹痛、消化不良等非特異性症狀

許多患者最初會感到腹脹、腹痛或消化不良，這些症狀與腸胃疾病相似，容易被忽略。若這些症狀持續兩週以上，應考慮進行檢查。

2. 如何區分與其他疾病的相似症狀

卵巢癌的症狀與腸躁症、胃潰瘍等疾病相似，但有以下區別：

• 卵巢癌的腹脹通常伴隨體重下降。
• 腹痛可能輻射至背部或骨盆。
• 頻尿或排尿困難也可能是卵巢癌的徵兆。

若出現這些症狀，應盡早尋求專業醫療意見。

三、 卵巢癌的診斷方法

卵巢癌的診斷需要結合多種檢查方法，以提高準確性。

1. 盆腔檢查、超音波、腫瘤標記（CA-125）

盆腔檢查是初步評估卵巢是否有腫塊的方法。超音波（尤其是陰道超音波）能更清晰地觀察卵巢結構。CA-125是一種腫瘤標記，但其特異性不高，需結合其他檢查結果判斷。婦女檢查

2. 手術探查與活組織檢查

若影像學檢查發現可疑腫塊，可能需進行手術探查或活組織檢查以確診。腹腔鏡手術是常見的微創方法，可減少術後恢復時間。

四、 卵巢癌的治療方式

卵巢癌的治療需根據分期和患者狀況制定個性化方案。婦科

1. 手術切除：手術範圍與方式

手術是卵巢癌的主要治療方式，通常包括切除卵巢、輸卵管、子宮及附近淋巴結。早期患者可能僅需切除單側卵巢，保留生育功能。

2. 化學治療：常用藥物與副作用

化療常用藥物包括紫杉醇和卡鉑，但可能引起脫髮、噁心等副作用。近年來，標靶藥物如PARP抑制劑為患者提供了新選擇。

五、 卵巢癌的預後與復發

卵巢癌的預後與分期密切相關，早期患者的五年存活率可達90%，但晚期患者僅約30%。定期追蹤檢查是預防復發的關鍵。

六、 預防卵巢癌：我們可以做什麼？

預防卵巢癌可從以下方面著手：

• 口服避孕藥可降低風險，但需權衡利弊。
• 高風險族群可考慮預防性卵巢切除。
• 保持健康飲食與規律運動。

七、 卵巢癌的最新研究與進展

近年來，免疫療法和精準醫療為卵巢癌治療帶來新希望。例如，針對BRCA基因突變的PARP抑制劑已顯著改善患者預後。

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What is a technical lead role?

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Purpose of Job Application

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