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2013 年 7 月 27 日  星期六   晴天


most of the action takes place around the Grand Plaza 分類: 未分類

 Antigua was the capital of Guatemala until 1773, when the Santa Marta earthquake rocked the foundations of the town. Still, the city retains its colonial charm in the extravagant architecture of buildings, churches, convents and old residences, which offer more than a glimpse of past prosperity.

Tourism is Antigua's main income generator. With more than 60 language schools in a city of just over 30,000 people, it's a popular destination for westerners to spend a few months studying Spanish amongst cobble-stoned streets and colourful neighbourhoods. In the evenings, locals and tourists alike arise from that fabulous Latin American tradition, the siesta, and head out to enjoy the wide range of local or international cuisine on offer.
 
Not surprisingly, the dreaded Ronald McDonald plague has spread to Guatemala. However, Camperos, the local finger lickin' chicken chain dominates, having sent Colonel Sanders and his army running for the border like...well like a pack of chooks with their heads cut off some time ago. Whatever your pleasure, once you've fuelled the belly, you can head on to a bar for a few local cervezas, or Samba the night away in one of the lively nightclubs.
 
During the day, most of the action takes place around the Grand Plaza. Street vendors ply their trade as tour buses roll into the square. It's a great place to sample the local food and world-renowned coffee in the outdoor cafes and restaurants, or simply hang out under shade in the park with the Antiguans.
 
As you find in most developing countries, children are always at the ready to sell you some local textiles, a wood carving or jewellery, while displaying sales techniques that would put the best real estate shark to shame. Being a sucker for an angelic smile, it was useless trying to resist the charms of a little Mayan girl who promised me that my senorita would adore me if I bought her the lovely embroidery scarves her mother had made for us.
 
At the other end of the bench, knee-high brother was smoothly working on senorita, telling her that she had the eyes of a goddess, and any man who did not adorn her with such a gift was not worthy of her. It was now three against one, so I handed over a wad of Quetzales to the grinning dynamic duo.
 
It's worth spending at least a day exploring Antigua's colonial buildings and ruins. The most impressive examples being Catedral de Santiago, San Francisco, the town's most notable church near Parque Central, and the former nunnery, Las Capuchinas.


there are the French 分類: 未分類

 One hour from Geneva by road, this skiing and mountaineering haven has become popular the world over with skiers, mountaineers, climbers and mountain lovers alike.

 

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The valley itself is dominated by Mt Blanc, as well as other ranges meeting in this most dramatic mountain area. Towering pillars of granite dominate the area often bewhildering you with the very scale that they represent. It is difficult not to be impressed once the clouds lift, the peaks towering above you like sentinels.
 
Chamonix has become very popular with the British, who have now gathered there in significant numbers, though many leave and go somewhere else once the ski season is over.
 
Scandanavian peoples also appear to favour the area, and, of course, there are the French.
 
Chamonix has become so multicultural in some areas that it would be easy to say that it is not typically French. Though French is widely spoken, you will never be far from a British accent. Most Brits have picked up the baton, so to speak, and learnt French, but a minority remain who expect to use English wherever they go. This has lead to small amounts of friction between the two communities, but nothing too serious.
 
If you are going to go to Chamonix, you should expect to speak some French.
 
As a ski area goes, Chamonix has some of the most extreme skiing available to man. There are many resorts, all reachable via a small bus or cable car ride from Chamonix or the surrounding area. For the more extreme routes like the Vallee Blanche you should look to find yourself a guide, or ski the route with people that know the way, or you may find yourself in a crevasse.
 
Some skiers complain of the layout that Chamonix offers - of course you can't please all the people all of the time - if you want extreme skiing, come to Chamonix, and expect to take a few short journeys to the venue of your days skiing, that's all.
 
As well as being a mecca for skiers and snowboarders, Chamonix offers excellent climbing and mountaineering options, with climbs up fantastic granite cliffs suitable for all comers, stretching to huge extreme alpine rock routes like the Walker Spur. Pleasant woodland walks can also be easily found!
 

 



2013 年 7 月 26 日  星期五   晴天


poses a question. Why create the work in the first place 分類: 未分類

 The law that makes it illegal to copy or reproduce a work is called fittingly "Copyright".

 

 
The ideology behind copyright is sound, however, like other ideologies and theories it is inherently flawed. People will find ways to misuse the law for a profit. When someone creates something they are "entitled" to and have "rights" to the benefits of that creation whether it be an invention, or and "original work" of art.
 
Art can be a song, poem, story, or one of many forms of visual art. The rights that come with the creation of a work are, and should be, automatic and natural. No one besides the creator of the work should be allowed to profit from or use the work in any way without "authorization" from the works author.
 
However this idea flies in the face of the creation process, and poses a question. Why create the work in the first place? If no one, besides the original author has any rights to the work, and no one can publish the work without permission, why create it?
 
Culture.
 
Copyright law protects the author of the work and gives the creator the authority to sell the work for a profit without concern of theft of the work. The author can use the work as long as they own "all rights". What I mean by this is that the author has the option of transferring "all rights" to whomever he or she chooses. The wonderful part about this area of law is that not only can the creator profit from the work itself, the rights to the work is fully transferable.
 
The author can transfer all rights or partial rights or set just about any limitations of usage they deem fit. This also poses another question.
 
How do you transfer rights and why?


2011 年 4 月 1 日  星期五   晴天


月經性哮喘如何治 愉快 分類: 未分類

 

月經性哮喘如何治


月經性哮喘是指月經前期或月經期哮喘加重的現象,一般常於月經前期出現。常發生於月經週期較規律的青年育齡婦女,本病的發病機制尚不清楚,可能與月經週期中體內性激素水平改變有關。
月經性哮喘往往發生於以往有哮喘病史的患者,月經期或月經前一周症狀加重,月經來潮後症狀逐漸減輕,也有症狀持續至月經來潮後數日者,症狀的加重程度因人而異,輕者僅有胸悶,嚴重者需住院治療。
現代醫學治療此病用袢利尿劑及肌注黃體酮有效。對輕、中度月經性哮喘患者,應於病情開始加重即月經期前一周開始用藥,直至病情穩定。
根據中醫理論,本病主要是由於先天不足或平素思慮勞倦過度,損及脾腎,再加經水將行,精血流注於胞宮、脾腎更虛,腎不納氣而致哮喘發作或加重。典型症狀為,月經前3∼7天即發哮喘,喘息不能平臥,喉中痰鳴、咳痰清稀,胸膈滿悶,月經量多,色淡紅質薄,畏寒肢冷,身倦乏力,食後腹脹,大便糖薄,舌質淡嫩,脈沉細。
治則:補益脾腎,納氣平喘。
方藥:麻黃10克,射干10克,五味子15克,紫宛15克,款冬花15克,桂枝10克,雲苓15克,補骨脂10克,巴戟天10克,川芎15克,甘草10克,淫羊藿10克。每日一劑,水煎服,於月經前一周開始服用,服至症狀緩解或消失,月經期不必停藥。
編輯本段預防
引起支氣管哮喘發作原因很多,有些原因顯而易見,但有些原因常常是隱蔽的,需醫生和患者共同努力查找,恃別是患者本人及其家屬應密切聯繫每次發作的情況,詳細與醫生探討尋找以利於診療。目前已知誘發支氣管哮喘有如下原因,可供參考。
1.過敏因素:有30%∼40%的支氣管哮喘者可查出過敏原。塵蟎、貓狗等動物的皮垢、黴菌、花粉、牛奶、禽蛋、蠶絲、羽毛、飛蛾、棉絮、真菌等都是重要的過敏原。
2.非特異性理化因子,如吸入煙、塵和植物油、汽油或油漆等氣味以及冷空氣,可刺激支氣管粘膜下的感覺神經末梢,反射性地引起迷走神經興奮和咳嗽,在氣道高反應的基礎上導致支氣管平滑肌痙攣。
3.微生物感染:感冒和上呼吸道感染是最常見的誘因,冬春季節或氣候多變時更為明顯。呼吸道感染,尤其病毒感染更易引致小兒哮喘發作。
4.過度勞累:突擊性強烈的或長時間的體力勞動,緊張的競技性運動,均可誘發哮喘。
5.精神因素:情緒波動可以成為誘因。諸如憂慮、悲傷、過度興奮甚至大笑也會導致哮喘發作。
6.職業性因素:這方面涉及面廣,如製藥工業、化工企業中工作的工人,對某些藥物或原料過敏,醫護人員對某些藥物過敏等。
7.氣候因素,如寒冷季節容易受涼而導致呼吸道感染,或天氣突然變化或氣壓降低,都可激發支氣管哮喘發作。