abridge [] - 刪節; 節略 - v. condense or shorten.

abstract [] - 抽象; 純理論; 概要 - adj. theoretica; not concrete; nonreresentational.

acclaim [] - 給予高度評價; 稱譽 - v. applaud; announce with great approval. also n.

adulation [] - 稱讚; 吹捧; 奉承 - n. flattery; admiration.

adversary [] - 敵手; 對手 - n. opponent.

adversity [] - 困境; 逆境 - n. poverty; misfortune

advocate [] - 擁護(者); 支持(者); 提倡(者) - v. urge; plead for.

aesthetic [] - 1. 審美的; 美學的 2. 審美觀 - adj. artitic; daling with or capable o appreciation of the beatiful. aesthete, n.

affirmation [] - 肯定屬實; 申明, 斷言 - n. positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath.