Rural students have little desire in studying language; most examine it just for higher education entrance exams

Following failing for 2 decades to search out a secure workplace job in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, Zeng Yixia experienced no alternative but to return to her hometown a lot more than 1,000 kilometers away when she was made available a training position in a junior high school.

Zeng, 39, headed property to Huichang, a poverty-stricken county in Jiangxi province, where by she has taught English for 17 many years.

possessing graduated from a Huichang vocational college using a main in laptop or computer science in 2000, the continuous occupation rejections she obtained in Shenzhen fatigued her persistence and ended her dream of living within a major metropolis.

Right after getting assigned to teach English in a very rural faculty by a headmaster in Huichang, it later on transpired to Zeng that the posture was not a vacancy. It was a different role established like a final result of your central government's directions to incorporate the language as an critical topic in the course of the nine-year obligatory training procedure.

Zeng's family has relocated to the more-urbanized county seat, and during the 7 days she sleeps with the dormitory at her rural school. Just about every weekend, she makes a two-hour spherical vacation to spend time together with her partner and two little ones.

prior to she grew to become expecting three many years in the past and gave start to her 2nd son, she used for six consecutive many years for a teaching occupation at a county-level school, but never ever managed to pass the qualification assessments, whose structure and articles changed yearly, she stated.

She mentioned that if she were being able to vary a single factor of her task, it might be to omit English, since the issue is unpopular with rural students.

"Chinese and math are deemed the essential and valuable subjects. Artwork and sports activities tend to be the enjoyable ones ... but English is way down the listing," she explained.

Zeng is not by yourself in instructing an unpopular topic to teenage college students with tiny, if not zero, interest in studying English.

Compulsory subjects

For the 2019 World English Training China Assembly in July, attended by practically three,000 academics and top gurus in English-language instruction from China and overseas, speakers said coping with examinations, primarily the gaokao (countrywide higher education entrance test), is the only motive most rural learners find out the language.

"More than ninety p.c, otherwise all, pupils in rural colleges are only learning English to obtain into school," Huang Guowen, dean from the International Language Office at South China Agricultural College in Guangzhou, Guangdong, stated in the course of the three-day assembly in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province.

With in excess of 20 years' encounter of training English language and literature, Huang's speech centered on "the key purpose of educating and mastering English in rural areas of China".

He explained to China Everyday, "If English was excluded like a matter in the countrywide university entrance exam a single day, most rural pupils may stop understanding it wholly."

In 1984, the Ministry of Training stated English, together with Chinese and math, since the a few compulsory subjects for the gaokao.

In 2017, a nationwide study carried out by a study crew from Xingyi Typical University for Ethnic Minorities in Guizhou province produced a broader photo that echoed Huang's observations.

polling more than twenty,000 respondents, starting from first-graders in most important schools to varsity pupils nationwide, the study identified that about 70 % of students from rural parts explained they'd not shell out time mastering English if it was not essential in the school syllabus.

In distinction, though forty three per cent of students from city areas also said that passing exams was a vital incentive for discovering English, all these polled gave other motives, these kinds of as traveling abroad, observing Hollywood flicks and sitcoms, or simply mastering a second language.

The survey respondents were an equal combination of learners from rural and urban places.

"Many (rural) learners notify me they rarely have any opportunities to implement English after leaving university," mentioned Lu Ziwen, director of your investigate middle plus the survey chief.

Lu can be an English-language teacher who may have also researched pedagogy, the theory and practice of discovering and exactly how this process influences, and is motivated by, learners' psychological development.

Owning devoted much of his job to many of China's remotest areas, he explained your situation has barely improved through the years, despite the broad modifications this kind of spots have undergone thanks for the central government's rural revitalization program and elevated investment in schooling.

"The gap involving cities and rural regions is narrowing in several elements, like housing conditions, earnings and health care treatment. But in relation to education, specially English-language education and learning, there is continue to a lengthy solution to go," he stated.

In Beijing previous 12 months, the standard score for English amongst learners taking the gaokao was a lot more than one hundred marks out of 150, whilst in rural areas of Guizhou province it had been about forty outside of a hundred and fifty, Lu additional.

"It's challenging to state if the poor performances discourage students, or no matter if this dimmed interest restricts the likely to find out," he mentioned.

Scarcity of lecturers

There exists widespread arrangement which the major impediment in rural spots of the nation is the lack of experienced English-language instructors.

Huang stated, "The most telling distinction is highschool instructors in rural parts discuss much worse English than preschool kids in cities these kinds of as Shanghai and Shenzhen."

Normally, main schools in China introduce English lessons while in the 3rd quality, but a number of colleges in rural places hold off this to as late given that the fifth grade owing towards the not enough specialised English-language teachers, Huang explained.

Zhao Liang, director in the English Language Education and learning Heart at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China in Zhejiang, explained those she aided to coach as "silent language teachers".

Considering that 2017, the middle has provided free training to greater than 250 English-language lecturers from poverty-stricken counties across the country. The teaching generally lasts just one week through the summertime holiday, and delivers an immersive natural environment for members not merely to employ the language at school, but also at functions such as functions and dances.

Students who prospect for teaching English or Maths, are suited for the English language education programmes at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels offered.

Zhao reported many of the academics not just deficiency the backgrounds or qualifications in English-language instructing, but utilized to be art or science instructors prior to becoming re-assigned by their businesses as English turned a compulsory subject.

"Although the academics selected are skilled as well as the most outstanding ones from their own individual colleges, our system may be the first time they have got spoken English in a very genuine and useful context, and with native speakers," she said.

Nonetheless, Rod Ellis, a study professor in the University of Education at Curtin College in Western Australia along with a keynote speaker at the schooling assembly in Hangzhou, thinks that whilst exposure to overseas cultures for the two academics and learners surely will help, it's not at all critical.

"The problem could be the availability of satisfactory training resources. If English is usually to distribute over and above the middle-class and large city centers, there should be a policy to make sure qualified lecturers, with adequate capabilities and proficiency in English to show the language, are put in these rural locations," said Ellis, who's also a traveling to professor at Shanghai Intercontinental Scientific tests University.

In 2006, the central governing administration launched a plan, known as "specially posted teachers", to inspire faculty graduates and knowledgeable instructors to move to less-developed spots in the country. With subsidies from the central and local governments, the program offered above-average salaries and welfare packages.

The annual system, which handles 22 provinces and locations, has become a single in the primary sources of instructors in rural parts. It aims to organize lecturers to check out such places, live in them and excel at their do the job.

Teachers signing up with the method will have to total at least a few years' company. They could then choose to continue to be within their posts, be relocated to other positions together with the assistance of presidency departments at all amounts, or seek out work on their own individual.

In some locations, nevertheless, 97 p.c with the teachers who have been sent there have produced a enthusiasm and passion for their posts and asked to remain.

The of that include source code review and other assessments and tests.

While in the program's very first year, 16,000 graduates were sent to two,850 faculties in more than 260 counties. previous year, the volume of graduates rose to eighty five,200.

But Lu stated this system even now lacks enough teachers. Fewer than ten % of those people it sends to rural locations every year have English-teaching backgrounds.

Expertise enhancement

Gong Yafu, director-general from the Nationwide Affiliation of International Language Training, explained, "If you poll pupils about understanding math, chemistry or just likely to college, several may well say they are finding out only to go examinations and check out college."

Gong, that has expended much more than thirty many years fostering main school English training in China by helping to write textbooks and prepare academics, additional, "Skills and information aside, the incredibly main of education and learning now should really be about nurturing well-developed talent bodily, intellectually and morally. "In the situation of English-language teaching, exposure to a foreign lifestyle could assistance build interpersonal and conversation expertise within a student's native culture, he added.

"Of training course, it truly is our work to produce the learning content material much more interesting and maybe useful to motivate students to learn more happily."

pursuing the national poll, Lu's crew made a "minicourse" to deal with the challenge.

The class capabilities some one hundred conversational sentences and greetings to be used inside of a situation in which English-speaking tourists and friends are welcomed to a village to dine.

Lu mentioned, "As rural tourism rises to become a growth engine for a lot of villages in China, attracting visitors from the two property and overseas, learners uncover it really valuable and motivating to master these types of language content."

For example, he cited the "magic power" in the phrase "homemade".

"In an average textbook, the term might not be taught or provided considerably emphasis. But for your system, we tell the students the best way to relate it to your kitchen area and to apply it to a menu and through buying, such as for handmade tofu or handmade sauce," Lu said.

Being a consequence, guests are more very likely to get the foods on just hearing the phrase "homemade", and students utilizing the term are enormously encouraged.

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我們會注意頭發的保養，小心不要過度染發和燙發，不要破壞頭發的質量，不要讓頭發的尾部分叉，而是經常忽略被頭發覆蓋的頭皮。當你的頭發出現瘙癢、發油、脫發、頭皮屑等問題時，可能是頭皮問題。頭皮就像土地，只有肥沃的土地才能長出健康的頭發。

頭發的營養成分通過血液傳播。擁有健康頭發的關鍵在於頭皮。如果頭皮的問題是無窮無盡的，那麼生長的頭發也會變質。事實上，頭皮和臉部是相同的皮膚，頭皮的老化比臉部快10倍，但我們常常發現，當頭皮狀況不佳時，它已累積了很長時間。除了定期檢測頭皮健康外，平時要注意以下四個主要細節：

不少人只以治標方式重建黑髮，不僅效果不彰，更須付高昂的，植髮香港主張對症下藥，針對不同頭髮和頭皮問題包括生長期脫髮、疤痕性禿髮、頭皮炎症和銀屑病等，採用各生髮科技如注氧、離子、導入配合專利生髮產品，助真髮重生。

1。了解你的頭皮特征

評估頭皮性能的最簡單方法是觀察油的速度。如果頭今晚被洗掉了，早上會有一種油膩的感覺，你是標准的油性頭皮，下午的時候是中性的，兩天後是中性的，是中性的。

2。找一種適合你頭皮的洗發水

近年來，適當的洗頭的概念得到了提升，我們大家都意識到，要洗的原始"洗頭"是頭皮而不是頭發，所以選擇洗發水，應該放在頭皮上而不是頭發上。有時使用整個家庭，但每個人的頭皮的狀況是不同的。基本上，頭皮的不同屬性，清潔的頻率會不同，油和中性建議每天洗頭，因為油脂分泌更加旺盛，也應該選擇適合油性頭皮的洗發水。為了保持你的頭皮健康，你最好選擇一種單一效果的洗發水。另外，皂基、防腐劑、界面活性劑和人工色素。該香波的化學組成盡量不使用，不僅能長時間的傷害身體，而且對環境也是一種汙染。

3.梳理前，請勿按壓頭發進行清潔

頭皮對頭發很重要。在洗頭之前，用梳子梳理你的頭發，讓附著在你頭皮上的灰塵和灰塵浮在表面，這樣你就可以同時清洗你的頭皮和頭發。為避免頭皮受傷，建議使用寬齒圓頭梳子。洗發水的溫度應該控制在40度左右。把手指放在頭發根部，用手指肚而不是指甲輕輕地按摩頭皮。因為鋒利的指甲會損壞頭皮的表皮，將有害物質和細菌帶入真皮。

不要壓著頭發，只洗到頭發，而沒碰到頭皮。而且最好洗兩次，第一次針對頭皮的油脂髒汙做清潔，泡泡會比較少，所以先不用洗到頭發；沖掉之後，再洗第二次，泡泡會比較豐沛，這時後再帶到頭發。洗完後沖水也很重要，用對洗發露，清洗卻不完全，也會造成頭皮問題產生。沖水的過程也要將手指伸進頭皮搓一搓，把泡沫和髒汙完全沖掉，仰頭沖水更要留意後腦勺的頭皮清潔，千萬別草率。

在脫髮嚴重的情況下，不管年齡如何，很多人會相當緊張，如果你有脫髮的煩惱，選擇防脫髮洗頭水相當合適。防脫髮套餐以草本精華為主，不傷頭髮，更易吸收，效果顯著，可直接官網購買，能讓大家省心起來，確實是福音選擇。

4.護發素和其他保濕護發產品，以避免塗抹

在頭皮上沒有推薦使用調理劑、頭發膜、這些更多的矽油沖洗產品。太滋潤的頭發會造成頭皮的負擔，加速油的產生，所以建議使用耳朵下面的頭發。

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香港是亞洲的金融中心，經濟發展迅速，人們生活水準高，因此香港人很懂得生活，每年或者是每幾個月都會給自己放一個小長假，出國遊，而出國肯定要先兌換成出遊國的貨幣，那麼哪個外幣兌換機構好呢？許氏兄弟找換口碑優異，在許楚家資深董事長的帶領下，機構生機勃勃。

外幣兌換都希望兌換手續費用低一些，這樣便可以節省一些錢財，用於出國遊玩更多的地方。不過香港政府機構制定的兌換手續費用是不低的，都是根據兌換外幣的多少來收取手續費，也就是兌換的越多，手續費用越高，這讓很多顧客覺得不劃算。其實兌換外幣未必一定要到政府兌換機構，完全可以到信得過的正規外幣兌換機構，比如說具有金錢經營者牌照的許氏兄弟找換，成立於1998年，成立至今一直秉承著誠信、穩妥、薄利的經營理念經營，董事長許楚家更是組建了一支非常專業的金融團隊，善於做外匯投資，會在外匯價格較低的時候採購，制定合適的兌換匯率，讓利顧客。在手續費方面更是開天窗般低，無論兌換多少外幣，都只需要20美元即可。

如果說正好有準備出國遊的朋友想要兌換外幣，不妨先登錄許氏找換的官方網站，在上面查看即時匯率，使用計算器計算兌換的本金，帶上本金到就近的分店去兌換。許楚家還表示，在後續還會推出更多的惠利顧客的服務，讓顧客獲得更大的外幣兌換的好體驗。

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1、不熟悉標書翻譯中的相關法律法規

招標的翻譯涉及許多法律規定，必須嚴格遵守這些相關規定，並在翻譯過程中准確翻譯。

2、不按標准格式翻譯招標書以釋放本人

招標文件作為招標文件，需要按照標准格式進行翻譯，使翻譯給人一種愉悅、清新的感覺。如果整個投標都是沒有結構的，放開自己，大做文章，就會大大降低投標的成功率。給人留下不好的印象。

英文翻譯中文是該公司的主推業務之一,與有合作的大型企業進行商業洽談,合同簽訂等專案的運作,背後都離不開啟思翻譯服務有限公司的鼎力相助.現代企業跨國合作已是不可阻擋之勢,但是相應的企業間進行國際交流的能力有待提高,如果要達成合作不僅要瞭解一個公司的企業文化和發展歷程,甚至要瞭解這一公司所屬國家的傳統文化,而這些都需要專業的翻譯公司來幫助完成.

3.報價的價格未被認真翻譯。

招標文件中涉及的報價數量必須嚴肅對待，不得有誤譯或缺失翻譯，小數點的差異也會造成巨大損失。

4。相關證書的非標准翻譯

對於公司在招標中頒發的企業資格證書，公司的企業發展簡曆等翻譯需要規范、完整、有說服力，不能一概而論。

擔心在標書翻譯過程中會出現很多錯誤，導致投標失敗？沒關系，從現在開始，立即咨詢翻譯公司，說明您的要求，我們將解決任何困難的問題，為您一個接一個的投標翻譯。

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（一）能源資源受限雖然中國煤炭儲量豐富，但石油和天然氣資源稀缺。中國的石油和天然氣資源不豐富，已探明的石油和天然氣可采儲量僅占世界總量的1.3％。 21世紀初，中國的石油儲量約為29.5億噸，探明儲量居世界第13位，約占世界總儲量的2％。然而，人均儲備非常稀缺，僅為世界平均水平的十分之一。在世界排名第25位。中國的天然氣儲量不是很高，約2萬億立方米，僅為世界第15位。此外，中國的天然氣消費僅占能源消費總量的3.3％，遠低於煤炭的69％。改革開放以來，近30年來中國經濟保持兩位數增長。隨著經濟的持續增長，中國的石油消費量也在增加。中國每年的石油消耗量約為4億噸，但每年的原油產量僅為2億噸，其餘則完全依賴進口。由於中國石油資源分布不均和缺油，為了保證國內經濟持續穩定發展，2008年中國進口的石油比美國多，成為世界上最大的石油進口國和石油消費國。此外，中國東部的能源資源儲備稀缺。為適應東部發展的需要，西煤東運和北煤南運輸形成了大規模的長途運輸格局。區域資源的不平衡限制了中國經濟的發展。因此，從長遠來看，中國的能源形勢仍然非常嚴峻。

中電積極推動可再生計劃，締造綠適生活與環境，未來會繼續投入資源，運用節能科技，支持社區基金、關愛社群和綠適教育等公眾活動，使大眾透過多種途徑，了解及宣揚環保理念，共建可持續發展的未來。

（2）清潔能源正在放緩。為了保持國內生產總值兩位數的年增長，中國以煤和石油為主的能源結構短期內不太可能發生變化。但必須減少化石燃料燃燒造成的汙染，實現傳統能源的清潔高效利用是我國的必然選擇和緊迫任務。為減少燃煤汙染，大力發展潔淨煤燃燒技術。通過對原煤進行脫硫脫硝，采用燃燒過程中石灰固硫的方法，減少有害氮、硫氣體的排放。大力發展以風能和核能為代表的新能源。盡管中國正在大力建設新的水電站和核電站，但這些能源發電總量還不到全國用電量的15%。同時，核電的高風險也使國家在發展核能方面猶豫不決。日本福島核電站事故後，中國已停止建設核電站，阻礙了中國核電的發展。為了解決我國當前的能源危機，發展可再生能源還有很長的路要走。

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