1. Transitive
2. Intransitive
3. Auxiliary
1. Transitive Verb : -
e.g. I bought a book.
I give him a book.
A transitive verb takes one or more than one objects.
2. Intransitive Verb : -
e.g. I go to school.
I sit down.
An intransitive verb does not take any object.
3. Auxiliary Verb : -
e.g. I may niot know him.
I did not know him.
I do know him.
An auxiliary verb helps the principal verb to form a negative sense, or to emphasize its meaning.
These are Auxiliary Verbs :
(a) Be ( am , is , are, was, were, been, being. )
1. as a Principal Verb
e.g. He is a boy of fifteen.
Peter and Tom are brothers.
(b) Have , has ( had )
1. as a Principal Verb
e.g. I have a horse.
He has no money.
2. as an Auxiliary Verb
e.g. I have promised to help them.
We have read that book twice.
Has she finished reading her book ?
She had left before I arrived.
(c) Do, Does ( did )
1. as a Principal Verb
e.g. I do my work well.
My sister does most of the work.
2. as a Auxiliary Verb
e.g. Do you feel unhgappy ?
Does he like it ?
Did you remember to shut the door ?
(to help to form a question)
I did not go to school yesterday.
We do not trust him.
He does not speak Chinese.
(to help to form a negative)
I did make the dress myself.
She does like coffee.
We do reemember what he said.
(to help to emphasize a statement)
(d) Shall , (should), Will, (would)
'Shall' and 'will' help to form a future tense . Should is the past tense of shall. Would is the past tense of will . Shall and should are used with the First Person ( I , We ) . Will nand would are used with Second and Third Persons ( you , he , she , it , they ) .
e.g. I shall learn to swim next week.
We shallgo to Macau to-morrow.
I said that I should go.
If I were you I would do it.
He will go next week.
They will arrive on time.
You will lend him the money.
We hoped that she would arrive safely.
He said that he would go.
Note : When 'shall' is used in the 2nd and 3rd person and when 'will' is used in the 1st person , it is not an auxliary verb. It expresses 'command' , 'promise' or 'determination' etc.
e.g. I will lend him the money.
You shall follow the doctor's advice.
Thou shall not kill.
We will spend a holiday there.
'Should' is used to express 'duty' or 'obligation'.
e.g. You should be careful in crossing streets.
I should help the poor begar.
'Would' is used to express 'habit or 'request'.
e.g. Whould you like to go for a walk ?
They would go there every day.
(e) May (might)
'May' or 'might'is used to express 'wish', 'purpose', 'permission' or 'possility'.
e.g. She may catch the train. ( possibility )
You may put your things here. ( permission )
We eat that we may live. ( purpose )
May I ask a question ? ( wish )
(f) Can (could)
'Can' or 'could' is used as verb to express 'ability' or 'permission'.
e.g. My sister can bake a cake . (ability)
He could do it .(ability)
You can go now.(permission)
She could take back her book if she wanted to. (permission)
(g) Must
'Must' is used express 'necessity', 'determination' or 'obligation'.
e.g. You must go there at once. (necessity)
I mustn't let her smoke again. (determination)
Soldiers must obey orders. (obligation)
(h) Need
'Need' is used to expreess 'Want' , 'require' or 'obligation'. When it is used in positive sentences, it is followed by 'to' and 's' should be added to form the Present Tense for the Third Person Singular.
e.g. She needs a lot of money.
We need to obey the law.
You need to learn from him.
When 'need' is used in negative or interrogative sentences, it has the same form even for the Third Person Singular.
e.g. She need not be angry.
Need she come again ?
You need not go.
(i) Ought to
'Ought' is used with to to express 'duty' , 'obligation' or 'necessity'. It has the same form for different numbers or persons. 'Ought to have' ----- past tense.
e.g. Nurses ought to be kind to patients.(duty)
We ought to obey the law.(obligation)
You ought to leave at once. (necessity)
You ought to have done that earlier. (past tense)
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