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2011 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 9 ¤é  ¬P´Á¤T   ´¸¤Ñ


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2011 ¦~ 10 ¤ë 31 ¤é  ¬P´Á¤@   ´¸¤Ñ


The evolution ¤ÀÃþ: ¥¼¤ÀÃþ

The evolution of the concept of health
English: health is healthy. In some dictionaries," health" is often simply defined as" the body in normal operation state, the absence of disease". This is the traditional concept of health. We usually do is to disease as the interference, leads to functional decline, life quality is compromised ( mainly by the physical pain caused by ) or early death.

In the" dictionary" of health concept is:" the organs and systems of human body growth is good, normal, healthy body, be full of go and have good labor
Health food

Effectiveness of state. Usually used anthropometric measurements, physical examination and various physiological indicators to measure." This formulation is" health is not sick" better, but still regard people as a biological organism to treat, because although it presents" labor efficiency " of the concept, but still did not take man as the social people.plastic wood The health of this awareness, in the biomedical model era is known to be correct.

In our dictionary, why would the health the notes? The reason for these are two aspects, one is the dictionary author, don't know who in 1946 had to" healthy" definition; two of his own understanding of the health is so. Should say" cause infinite harm to peole". However, words come back, the general public awareness, health is" the body in normal operation state, the absence of disease", this concept, was recognized and accepted by the masses, including medical workers. Because, in the past a very long period of time, our" mental and social adaptation ability of complete state" in a state of ignorance. Until the past few years after the reform and open policy began to pay attention to mental and social adaptation ability of health effects. One of sixty's last century graduated from medical university doctor told me,safety surface they learn at school when there are two courses without a good school, a nutrition, another door is mental health. Nutrition did not learn the reason, was even abdomen have enough to eat, but also about what nutrition? As for mental health that is idealism.

On the concepts of health and disease," concise Encyclopaedia Britannica" in 1985 the Chinese version of the definition is: " health, so that the individual can grow period to adapt to the environment of the physical, emotional, spiritual and social skills." " Disease, is to produce the symptoms or signs of abnormal physiological or psychological state"," human in pathogenic factors, organ and tissue morphology, function deviates from the normal state." " Health can be measured values ( such as height, weight, body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and vision ) to measure, but the standard is difficult to master." Although this one concept is defined in the mentioned in psychological factors, but in the measurement and classification of disease has no specific content. It can be said that this is from the biomedical model to the biological, psychological, social medicine mode transition in the process of a product.stadium seating On one hand, this transformation is still a lack of adequate clinical practice data provide a theoretical generalization; on the other hand, writers embraced the new medical mode of thought, but it is difficult to make further theoretical study.

Therefore, it has not reached the 1946 who (WHO ) was established in its charter referred to in the concept of health:" health is a physical, psychological and social status of the perfect, and not merely the absence of disease and a weak state." ( Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ) WHO1948.
In fact, in order to make exact definition is very difficult. Because, even in the absence of overt disease, people of healthy or unhealthy feeling of great subjectivity. There is no doubt, feel healthy, equal to the body without the disease.

Who concerning the health of this definition, the human health from the biological significance, extended to the spiritual and social relationships ( social interaction quality ) two aspects of health status, the people's physical and mental health, family and social life of the state are included.



2011 ¦~ 9 ¤ë 17 ¤é  ¬P´Á¤»   ´¸¤Ñ


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control question ¤ÀÃþ: ¥¼¤ÀÃþ

Dual challenge enterprise not allow to neglect Along with the export swift growth, all colors beautiful scene which outlines by our country lamps and lanterns more and more is dressing up the world's the dim light of night.

However, the packed hole beautiful scene's behind, still many concealed worries were worth our country exporting the lamps and lanterns enterprise to pay attention.cheap evening dresses The other day, some electric appliance business the retribution of karma examined thousand socket date lamp exported Australia, when the Ningbo Examination Quarantine Bureau staff field inspection actually discovered that the product data plate and the instruction booklet lacked the essential warning signal, not meet standards request.

After thorough investigation, discovered that this enterprise has not caused the product data plate and the instruction booklet warning signal flaw to the customer contract effective appraisal. To exports the lamps and lanterns examination scope along with the country the expansion, does not need after originally the legal examination the lamps and lanterns include the legal examination scope, exports the lamps and lanterns quality unqualified question to start gradually to expose, marks questions and so on explanation meet standards request not to occur now and then similarly. “the lamps and lanterns product technique content overall is not high, the low profession enters the threshold to cause the most Production enterprise's scale to be small,discount costume jewellery has some enterprises to have the varying degree the quality control question.

” Wang Rongqing believed that this is our country exports a big challenge which the lamps and lanterns profession needs to further do faces greatly. Last year, the Ningbo Examination Quarantine Bureau to integrated in an item set which the occasional survey quarantine table of contents lamps and lanterns carried on to pull out seals the type examination also to verify this viewpoint. In this game of lamps and lanterns and so on spot-check's 188 batch of projecting lights, small night light, the fraction defective reaches as high as 78.7%, marks and the explanation project are most, accounts for always the unqualified raid 93.24%; Next is a structure, occupies always unqualified raid of 22.30%.

In last November, some company exported to Germany's one batch of nearly 190,000 working lamps suffers the returned goods. After the returned goods backward investigation discovery, this working lamp ships back does not conform to the environmental protection request result,South Sea Pearls the customer agreement working lamp must conform to PAHs (i.e. multi-link aromatic hydrocarbon, is refers to has two or two above benzene kind of organic compound) requests, but after German T?

V examination, had not considered that fully this lamps and lanterns' use environment, the solar energy lamp has not achieved against splashes the lamps and lanterns waterproofing performance, working lamp's power line polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and phthalic acid ester content exceeding the allowed figure; Simultaneously this product's waterproof dustproof rank does not meet the establish requirements, the customer requests the entire lamp to achieve IP54, the practical work lamp plug's dustproof waterproof rank links IP44 to be unable to achieve, by importer take product quality not qualified as by returned goods.

Although after reorganizing smooth duplicate export, but has created quite loses. This is our country exports the lamps and lanterns profession faced with the another big challenge illustrative case, along with the international market to request attention's and so on energy efficiency, environmental protection enhancements, entire exports the lamps and lanterns industry unceasingly to the energy conservation, the environmental protection, the high-end development, our country's lamps and lanterns profession faced with the new round product technology promotion.

Reforming promotes gradually becomes way that must be taken According to the Ningbo Examination Quarantine Bureau related professionals analyzes, wholesale fashion jewellery the reason that I will export the lamps and lanterns to have various idioplasms quantity problem, first will be because the low profession will enter the threshold to cause the most Production enterprise personnel quality to be irregular, will lack enough training, will not have the strong design, development ability, only imitates the sample assembly simply, will not understand to the export State product safe new standard and the request or smatters, causes the certified product to flow overseas.

Next, the lamps and lanterns products outlet quality trade area characteristic is obvious. Generally loses toward the European and American market product mostly has obtained the trade place the product authentication, the product quality is generally good; Loses toward local and so on Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa products, because does not have the standard request,LED strip lights enterprise product not according to code requirement production, product quality existence hidden danger. Third, under market competition intense background, partial enterprises to seize the market, occupies the market by the undercut price, causes the profession blind competition, the product quality to guarantee with difficulty.

Our country's lamps and lanterns export development is in recent years swift and violent, although also many some Major industries enlarge to the product improvement dynamics, develops the new product, enhances the product added value, starts to pay great attention the product design, makes the independent brand positively, extended the development field of vision has had the prospect on the energy conservation product. But regarding the entire lamps and lanterns industry, in the quality and the scale promotion, in the energy conservation environmental protection product development still had heavy responsibilities.

Regarding this, the examination quarantine department indicated that our country lamps and lanterns profession only has road of the reforming promotion, can grasp the market in future competition. Must integrate the ecology idea in the product design development, pays great attention the energy efficiency request, follows close on the ecology design standard in the entire production process, enhances the energy efficiency coefficient, maximum limit satisfies the consumer to the product function, artisticly and so on ecology design requirements;

The adjustment product mix, the improvement technique of production, realizes own product performance effect and the technique content whole promotion, take the technological innovation as the power, speeds up the research and development to have the proprietary intellectual property rights energy conservation lamps and lanterns, by high quality, the environmental protection, the stable product participates in international technical gambling positively; Maintains with the Department concerned the close communication and contacting, surmounts the lamps and lanterns the export market high threshold together;

The lamps and lanterns enterprise should establish the products outlet the diversified market, avoids the market concentrating in 1-2 countries and the area, avoids exports in a short time in a country and the area presents the growth to be excessively quickly, thus causes some country or the local implementation trade measures limit. The lamps and lanterns enterprise should also develop the domestic customer positively, “two legs” walk, enhance the enterprise resistance risk ability.